question_answer Discussion Board for a Question on Quiz: Use of English (JAMB 1994)

PASSAGEII
In many places in the world today, the poor are getting
poorer while the rich are getting richer, and the programmes of
development planning and foreign aid appear to be unable to
reverse this trend. Nearly all the developing countries. But they
also have a non-modern sector, where the patterns of living and
working are not only unsatisfactory, but in many cases are even
gettingworse.What is typical condition of the poor in developing
countries? Their work opportunities are so limited that they
cannot work their way out of their situation. They are underemployed,
or totally unemployed.When they do find occasional
work, their productivity is extremely low. Some of them have
land, but often too little land.Many have no land, and no prospect
of ever getting any. There is no big cities either- and of course
no housing. All the same, they flock into cities because their
chances of finding some work appear to be greater there than in
the villages-where such chances are nil. Rural employment then
produces mass migration into the cities. Rural unemployment
becomes urban unemployment.
The problem can be stated quite simply: what can be
done to promote economic growth in the small towns and villages,
which still contain about eighty to ninety percent of the
population? The primary need is work places, literally millions of
work places. No one, of course, would suggest that output per
worker is unimportant. But the primary aim cannot be to maximize
output per worker; itmust be to maximize work opportunities for
the unemployed and the under-employed. The poor man’s
greatest need is the chance to work. Even poorly paid and
relatively unproductive work is better than no work at all. It is
therefore more important that everybody should produce something, than that few people should each produce a great
deal.And in most developing countries, this can only be achieved
by using an appropriate intermediate technology.

6. According to the passage, the difference between the
developing countries and the developed ones is that
while the former have: